复合防腐剂对袋装萝卜干防腐效果的比较研究

通过对萧山萝卜干中微生物的初步分析、鉴定,确定其微生物主要为蜡样芽孢杆菌。通过防腐剂抑菌实验,得出苯甲酸双乙酸钠复合防腐剂为一种可用于萝卜干防腐的高效防腐剂。     

嗜热芽孢杆菌HSO8耐热中性蛋白酶的分离纯化及部分特性研究

从高温土壤中分离出1株产耐热中性蛋白酶的嗜热芽孢杆菌,研究了该酶的分离纯化与生化特性.蛋白酶经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-100HR凝胶层析分离纯化后,纯化倍数提高4.25倍,产率5.1%;经SDS-PAGE电泳测得其分子质量为30.9 kDa.酶的最适温度与pH试验表明,其最适温度为65 ℃,最适pH为7.5,并在50 ℃时保持1 h以上的稳定.该蛋白酶活性受到EDTA的抑制,Zn2+能提高酶活性,该酶为金属蛋白酶.改性酪蛋白(Azocasein)、酪蛋白、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)等3种底物专一性试验表明,改性酪蛋白是其最适底物.     

常德发酵米粉中的微生物分离纯化与鉴定

本文对常德发酵米粉中的微生物进行了分离纯化,并用试剂盒对其进行了鉴定.鉴定结果为胚芽乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaum）等十二株乳酸杆菌,鸟链球菌（Enterococcus avium）等五株乳酸链球菌,酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cervisiae）等九株酵母菌.     

酶制剂+益生菌与植物提取物协同对肉鸡生产性能、免疫能力及抗氧化能力的影响

（目的）本试验旨在研究酶制剂+益生菌与植物提取物对肉鸡生产性能、免疫能力及抗氧化能力的影响。（方法）试验选取192只1日龄天露黑鸡2号,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡,试验时间为21 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组饲喂基础日粮加250 g/t的4 %恩拉霉素,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮加100 g/t、300 g/t、500 g/t含有益生菌与酶制剂的添加剂A,试验组Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ分别饲喂基础日粮加200 g/t、500 g/t、800 g/t含有益生菌、酶制剂与大蒜素（Allicin）的添加剂B。（结果）结果表明:1)添加剂A与添加剂B都能够提高肉鸡平均日增重。2)添加剂A与添加剂B都会显著降低血清中葡萄糖与尿素氮浓度（P＜0.05）,极显著降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、免疫球蛋白、白细胞介素-10浓度（P＜0.01）,极显著增加白细胞介素1-β与肿瘤坏死因子-α浓度（P＜0.01）。（结论）研究表明,适量添加添加剂A或添加剂B能够起到与抗生素相类似的作用,在一定程度上能够替代恩拉霉素。     

Recipes for antimicrobial wine marinades against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica

ABSTRACT:  We have evaluated bactericidal activities against Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella enterica of several antimicrobial wine recipes, each consisting of red or white wine extracts of oregano leaves with added garlic juice and oregano oil. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the recipes that resulted in a 50% decrease in colony-forming units (CFU) at 60 min (BA₅₀). Studies designed to optimize antibacterial activities of the recipes demonstrated that several combinations of the naturally occurring plant-derived ingredients rapidly inactivated the above mentioned 4 foodborne pathogens. We also showed that (a) incubation temperature affected activities in the following order: 37 °C > 21 °C > 4 °C; (b) varying the initial bacterial concentrations from 10³ to 10⁴ to 10⁵ CFU/well did not significantly affect BA₅₀ values; (c) storage of 3 marinades up to 2 mo did not change their effectiveness against Salmonella enterica ; and (d) polyphenolic compounds isolated by chromatography from red wine exhibited exceptional activity at nanogram levels against 2 strains of Bacillus cereus . These observations suggest that antimicrobial wine formulations have the potential to improve the microbiological safety of foods.     

动物肠道益生菌地衣芽孢杆菌的筛选及培养基的优化

为了研制新型微生态制剂,以常用益生菌株———地衣芽孢杆菌(bacillus licheniformis)为试验菌株,在测定了初发菌株的极限耐受性后,运用紫外诱变技术筛选到了一株耐酸性较强、耐胆汁、耐高温的地衣芽孢杆菌D-11。其极限耐受条件为:pH4·18,胆盐浓度0·4g/L,温度58℃。并通过试验对该菌株进行了形态和生理生化特征的鉴定。最后通过单因素和正交试验对地衣芽孢杆菌D-11的发酵培养基成分配比进行了选择和优化,为以后的工业化生产提供依据。结果显示当培养基的配比浓度为:玉米淀粉15g/L、豆粕粉90g/L、玉米浆6g/L时菌体的培养效果最好。     

An improved assay for the determination of phospholipase C activity

Phospholipases C (PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) are enzymes that specifically hydrolyze the C‐O‐P bond in phospholipids, yielding sn‐1,2(2,3)‐diacylglycerides and the phosphate residue bearing the corresponding headgroup. The biochemical characterization of PLC requires methods for the reliable determination of their activity. Here, an assay is described in which the phosphate residue released by the PLC is cleaved with an alkaline phosphatase. The phosphate formed is then extracted with n‐butanol and quantified as phosphomolybate complex. The applicability of this method is demonstrated for a concentration range from 10 nM to 10 mM for a range of phospholipids bearing different headgroups in an aqueous and a two‐phase system. The method has the additional advantage that the crude enzyme can be used without the need for purification.     

Process Characteristics of Hydrolysis of Chitosan in a Continuous Enzymatic Membrane Reactor

ABSTRACT: Crude enzyme from Bacillus cereus NTU-FC-4 was used to hydrolyze chitosan of 66% deacetylation in a membrane reactor, operated at 45 °C and pH 5, to continuously produce chitooligosaccharides. Major oligomers in the product from the reactor were chitobiose, chitotriose, chitotetraose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose. When the membrane reactor was operated at an enzyme/substrate ratio of 0.2 (unit/mg) and residence time of 100 min, it reached steady state in 2.5 h. The system could be operated for 15 h and still maintained a stable product composition. When the volume replacement exceeded 2.5, the productivity of the membrane reactor became higher than that of the batch reactor, and the difference between them became even greater when the volume replacement was further increased. The apparent Michaelis constant (K_m) for the enzyme in the membrane reactor was 18.8 mg/mL, but the apparent K_m was 5.4 mg/mL for the batch reactor, suggesting that the affinity of the enzyme for chitosan was lower in the membrane reactor compared with the enzyme in the batch reactor. The estimated values of apparent V_max were 0.18 and 0.20 mg reducing sugar/mL/min for the enzyme in the membrane reactor and in the batch reactor, respectively, indicating that the enzyme activity was not greatly altered when used in the membrane reactor.     

云南木姜子提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌抑菌作用的研究

摘 要：目的 研究云南木姜子(Yunnan Litsea Cubeba)的抑菌活性及抑菌稳定性。方法 用乙醇对云南木姜子果实进行提取并分别用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取。比较不同萃取相对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑制作用,并通过热处理、酸碱处理、紫外照射、金属离子处理、糖和盐处理对其稳定性进行考察。结果 云南木姜子提取物对蜡样芽孢杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用,其活性成分主要分布于乙酸乙酯相, 其对蜡样芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.075 mg/mL;云南木姜子乙酸乙酯萃取相经紫外线照射、酸碱处理和不同温度处理仍表现出良好的稳定性,盐和糖处理条件使其对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性增强,对于金属离子处理,Mg2+使其对蜡样芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性提高,Fe3+、Fe2+、Al3+和Ca2+等使其抑菌活性降低。结论 云南木姜子提取物具有良好的抑菌活性,温度、紫外和pH对其抑菌成分的稳定性有较小的影响, 金属离子、糖和盐浓度对其抑菌活性影响较大。因此可考虑将云南木姜子作为一种天然植物源防腐剂,并且它具有良好的开发和利用前景。     

Microbial Growth in Dry Grain Food (Sunsik) Beverages Prepared with Water,Milk, Soymilk,or Honey-Water

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the growth of microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria such as Cronobacter sakazakii and Bacillus cereus, in Sunsik beverages made of water, milk, soymilk, or honey-water during storage at room temperature. Prepared Sunsik beverages were stored at room temperature and the growth of total aerobic counts, Escherichia coli/coliforms, and yeast and mold were measured. Also, samples inoculated with a cocktail of C. sakazakii or B. cereus spores were stored at room temperature and their growths were determined during storage. Populations of total aerobic counts and coliforms significantly increased with increasing storage time at room temperature, which resulted in higher than 8 log and 7 log after 24 h in all samples except for the honey-water sample, respectively. Levels of total aerobic counts and coliforms were significantly lower in the honey-water sample than in the other samples after 6 and 9 h of storage, respectively. Initial populations of C. sakazakii and B. cereus ranged from 0 to 1 log CFU/mL, respectively, and these populations significantly increased with increasing storage time at room temperature. Therefore, populations of C. sakazakii and B. cereus were approximately 7 to 8 log CFU/mL after 24 h of storage. However, after 12 and 9 h of storage, there were significant differences in levels of C. sakazakii and B. cereus between the honey-water sample and the other samples, respectively. Based on these results, the addition of honey can inhibit microbial growth in Sunsik beverages; however, the best way to avoid pathogen infection would be to consume Sunsik beverages as soon as possible after preparation.